In the light of the increasing role of local welfare - due both to its functional correspondence with new forms of social insecurity and to the processes of institutional decentralization, underway from many decades in the European countries - the article considers the causes of the difficult transnational comparability of social-health systems and develops an interpretation of soma representative cases based on the analysis of Sespros-Eurostat data. The European experience of welfare territorialisation (intended as decentralisation and autonomy of responsibilities at various subnational government levels, dialoguing directly to the Eu) as well as its own contradictory national experience (pertaining to the role attributed to the national government before law no. 328/2000 and then the reform of Title V of the Constitution) force Italy to search for new ways to achieve the goal of the territorial equity.