The author has published many studies of the ways in which classification of people affects the people classified, and how those people react to being classified, which sometimes leads to changes in the way the classification is understood. Here he provides a general framework in which to examine this phenomenon, and applies it to two examples, first autism, and then, by way of contrast, obesity.only subscribers can see the full article

Starting from reflections on the success of populist parties in Europe, which have recently been part of the government in various countries, including Italy, this article discuss the challenge they involve for the fundamental principles of liberal democracy, which can be summed up in the principle of «limited (restrained) majority rule». By analysing some parts of a questionnaire circulated among members of the Northern league and the Swiss Svp we can evaluate the importance the question of immigration/«security» and «identity» questions like the defence of dialects and traditions have recently had in attracting some sectors of the electorate towards populist parties. On the basis of the questionnaire, the article also examines what the supporters of populist parties think of their actions on these topics when in government. In conclusion, the article claims that, while the concept of «representation » is compatible with populist ideology, the same cannot be said as regards the fundamental principles of liberal democracy.only subscribers can see the full article